常见的语法错误

正确的表达意味着少犯错。平常上课接触到很多同学有一些经常出现的语法错误，本期尝试总结如下。看一下你有没有中招？

1.时态 tenses

例1：Ernest Hemingway’s short stories continue to be highly influential pieces of fiction despite the fact that they have been written fifty years ago.

50年前写的文章，应该使用一般过去时，不用现在完成时,修改后： Ernest Hemingway’s short stories continue to be highly influential pieces of fiction despite the fact that they were written fifty years ago.

例2：It is raining for two days

过去某个时间点开始，一直持续到现在并仍然在进行的动作，应该使用现在完成进行时。修改后：It has been raining for two days.

2.冠词 articles

例1：Many people are worried about the bad effects of mobile phones on brain

定冠词the可以放在名词前面泛指一种类别，而不是具体的例子，此处的the并不表示特指，也不能省略。修改后： Many people are worried about the bad effects of mobile phones on the brain.

例2：She is fastest runner.

形容词或副词最高级前面要加定冠词the. 修改后：she is the fastest runner.

3.定语从句 relative clause

例1：That’s the school that it does lots of music and drama.

定语从句的引导词在从句中充当句子成分，that 为从句的主语，it应删除。修改后：That’s the school that does lots of music and drama.

例2：This is a man, who takes his responsibilities seriously.

非限定性定语从句中，定语只起到补充说明的作用，是可以删除的。这个句子使用非限定性定语从句man的身份并不明确，应该删除逗号，改成限定性定语从句。修改后：This is a man who takes his responsibilities seriously.

例3：They met at the gallery that had talked about.

定语从句中的句子成分应该是完整的，本句中从句缺少主语。修改后：They met at the gallery that Jane had talked about.

4.句子残缺 sentence fragments

例1：By paying more attention to impressions than facts lead us to misjudge others.

一般情况下完整的句子至少应该包含主语和谓语动词（一些祈使句除外），本句中by……facts为方式状语，动词是lead to misjudge. 句子缺少主语。修改后：Paying more attention to impressions than facts can lead us to misjudge others.

例2：If the government invests more money on education.

本句只有从句部分，缺少主句部分，句子成分不完成。修改后：If the government invests more money on education, the nation would have more labour force.

例3：The missing techniques used in ancient China.

Used为分词，属于非谓语动词，不能充当句子谓语。因此本句缺少谓语动词。修改后：The missing techniques were used in ancient China.

5.主谓一致 subject-verb agreement

例1：The characters in the movie lives in a world that has been turned upside down.

主语为复数characters,谓语动词不应使用单数第三人称。修改后：The characters in the movie live in a world that has been turned upside down.

例2：Neither Emma’s neighbour nor her husband agree with her decision.

Neither...nor...为两者否定，后面要用单数第三人称。修改后：Neither Emma’s neighbour nor her husband agrees with her decision.

6.连写句 Run-on Sentence

例1：participants could leave the study at any time, they just need to indicate their preference.

两个独立的句子在缺少连词的情况下不能仅仅通过逗号连接。需要连词或者用句号写成两句话。修改后：participants could leave the study at any time, and they just need to indicate their preference.

例2：They have tested the result many times, therefore it is reliable.

therefore是副词，不是连词，不能连接两个独立的句子，类似的还有hence, thus, however等。修改后：They have tested the result many times, so it is reliable.

7.悬垂结构 Dangling Modifier

例1： Driving down the street, the park came into view.

driving的逻辑主语和后面句子的真正主语不一致，driving不是the park发出的动作。修改后:Driving down the street, he saw the park.

例2： Having played composers such as Beethoven and Mozart at a very young age, Alicia Keys’ songs have many elements of classical music.

和例1类似，having played 逻辑主语不能是Alicia Key’s songs. 修改后： Having played composers such as Beethoven and Mozart at a very young age, Alicia Key has many elements of classical music in her songs.

8.平行结构 Parallel Structure

例1： They argued not only about the article, but they argued also about the review

Not only和but also后面的结构应该保持平行。修改后：They argued not only about the article, but also about the review

例2：Young children often find it easier to memorize lists of names by hearing, learning, and repeat simple, catchy musical settings.

Repeat 应该和前文的hearing, learning保持一致。修改后：Young children often find it easier to memorize lists of names by hearing, learning, and repeating simple, catchy musical settings.