初中分词作状语的用法讲解归纳

初中阶段，分词作状语主要指现在分词和过去分词在句中作状语的用法。现在分词表示主动和进行，过去分词表示被动和完成。例如，现在分词作状语：Walking in the park, he saw a beautiful butterfly.（在公园散步时，他看到了一只美丽的蝴蝶。）过去分词作状语：Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks more beautiful.（从山顶看，这座城市更美丽。）

初中英语：分词作状语的用法详解

在英语学习中，分词作状语是一种常见的语法结构，它能够丰富句子的表达，使语言更加生动和精确。分词作状语主要分为过去分词和现在分词两种形式，它们在句子中承担着不同的角色和功能。下面，我们将详细探讨分词作状语的用法，并提供一些典型的例子来帮助理解。

过去分词作状语的用法

过去分词作状语时，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语，并且通常用逗号与其他成分隔开。以下是过去分词作状语的几种常见用法：

• 时间状语：可以转换为由when或while引导的从句，通常位于句首。例如，Seen from the top of the hill, the school looks like a big garden.
• 条件状语：可以转换为由once, if或unless引导的从句，一般放在句首。例如，Given more attention, the fire could have been avoided.
• 原因状语：可以转换为由because, as或since引导的从句，多放在句首。例如，Encouraged by the teacher, the girl was very happy.
• 让步状语：可以转换为由though, although或even if引导的从句，常放在句首。例如，Left alone at home, Jenny didn’t feel afraid at all.
• 方式或伴随状语：常可转换为并列分句，可位于句首或句末。例如，Surrounded by his students, the teacher went into the lab.
• 强调：有时为了强调，过去分词前面可带连词when, while, if, though, as if, unless等。例如，When given a physical examination, you should keep calm.

现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别

现在分词与过去分词作状语的主要区别在于它们与所修饰的主语在逻辑上是主动还是被动关系。

• 现在分词：表示的动作与主语之间在逻辑上是主动关系。例如，Not knowing what to do, he asked his good friend for help.
• 过去分词：主语是过去分词动作的承受者，它们之间是被动关系。例如，Given more attention, the flowers could have grown better.

分词作状语的常见情况举例

• 条件：Given more time, I would be able to complete the work. United we stand; divided we fall.
• 时间：Walking in the street, I saw him.
• 原因：Getting hurt badly in the match, he has to stay at home.
• 伴随：Watching the TV play, she burst out crying.
• 让步：Having lived in China for years, he still can’t speak Chinese well.
• 结果：I went home, finding the door locked.
• 方式：Smiling, he answered.
• 比较：Compared with the desktop, the laptop is easier to carry. Compared with elephant, ant looks much smaller.

典型例题解析

以下是一些典型例题，帮助加深对分词作状语的理解：

• Napoleon inspected his army, followed by some officials. (答案：b. followed by)
• Liquids can be changed into gases, heated. (答案：c. heated)
• There was a terrible noise following the sudden burst of light. (答案：b. following)

在选择现在分词还是过去分词时，关键在于看主句的主语。如果分词的动作是主句的主语发出的，分词就选用现在分词；反之，则用过去分词。例如：

• (Being) used for a long time, the book looks old. (由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧。)
• Using the book, I find