such as后面一般加名词,或者形容词加名词;for instance= for example,用法完全一致,一般都是 For instance后面跟完整的句子;可作插入语,可置于句首、句中或句末。
1. such as
一般用来列举同类人或物中的几个例子,插在被列举的例子和前面的名词之间,as后没有逗号。
在使用such as时应注意后面列举事物的数量不能等于前面所提事物的总和,若相等时一般要用namely或that is. 如:
He has been to many countries, such as America, Japan and Germany.
他去过很多国家,比如美国、日本和德国。
He can speak three foreign languages, namely Chinese, English and French.
他能说三门外语,即汉语、英语和法语。
Organizations such as schools and clubs bind a community together.
诸如学校、俱乐部等机构使社区成为一个整体。
Some houses still lack basic amenities such as bathrooms.
有些住宅仍没有像卫生间这样的基本设施。
2. for example
For instance表示“以……为例”,与for example差不多。而差别在于:for instance所列举的例子更加具体,通常表示为一件事情的经过。如:
There are a number of improvements; for instance, both mouse buttons can now be used
在许多地方有了改进,例如,鼠标的左右键都可以使用了。
Teenage sex, for instance, may come not out of genuine desire but from a need to get love.
例如,青少年的性行为可能并不是源于真正的情欲,而是出于一种对爱的需要。
What would you do, for instance, if you found a member of staff stealing? 比如说,如果你发现有职员偷东西,你会怎么办?
They will be concerned to do the right thing — to dress properly, for instance.
他们需要注意行为是否恰当——比如说,穿着得体。
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